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  • Founded Date August 29, 2001
  • Sectors Automotive Jobs
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Company Description

Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation company focusing on Internet services and artificial intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and provides a wide variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).

Besides its core internet search organization, Baidu has diversified into a number of high-growth areas. The company is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart customer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the few tech companies worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, including software, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure designs, and applications. [5]

The holding company of the group is included in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was incorporated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu became the first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has progressively focused on generative AI associated items. [13]

The Chinese government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and received a United States patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first search engine that utilized links to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a web site based upon the number of other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled advertisers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu each time a customer clicked on an ad, predating Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and image search engine, adopting an unique identification technology capable of identifying and organizing the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources mentioned that Baidu received a license from Beijing, which allows the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to supply its own reports, besides revealing particular results as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first regular service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search engine result. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to offer complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees handle their service relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company launched a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving car platform, in a quote to help drive the advancement of autonomous cars including car platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to introduce this task in July 2017, before gradually presenting totally self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as lots of as 100 autonomous driving jobs over the ensuing three years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was likewise launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car industry providers, on automated driving and linked automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a partnership with Snap Inc. to act as the business’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of different languages. Smaller than a normal mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be placing synthetic intelligence (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has actually also led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its very first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to talk about the company’s objective and method, technology developments, new item advancements, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” part of its abroad service, which established a series of energy apps consisting of ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, etc. [50] This company now operates separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar idea stated to be efficient in Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive recommendations to proactively serve the needs of guests.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical automobile business initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its first concept ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric vehicle platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had finished 6 million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page saying “This website has actually been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later reacted by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, regardless of stopping working security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual was able to utilize the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out directly to them, permitting them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu workers detained

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 workers of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The bribes were supposedly spent for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intention to acquire 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, but it has been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal concerns. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its completely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a conclusive merger arrangement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the most significant deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally implies “a hundred times”, or additionally, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she is there in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows marketers to have their ads revealed in Baidu search results page pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results are likewise based upon payments by marketers. This has actually prompted criticism and hesitation among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns regarding dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as many as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu offers its marketing products by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it challenging for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with an interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a signed up company address either in China or in defined East Asian nations. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its advantage from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study firm Analysys International.

It is also evident that Baidu is attempting to get in the Internet social media network market. As of 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the worldwide social media network, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would face off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a problem to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting for a review of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have utilized anticompetitive methods in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has started to invest in deep knowing research study and is integrating new deep knowing technology into a few of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live made an application for a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” innovation. This innovation automatically scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that might violate copyright law. This enables Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they got licenses from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to offer driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars set to begin offering rides to guests within a 23-square-mile area in rural begin beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the need of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu deserves to obstruct works from its inquiry results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to punish the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet cops departments to discover information associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web sites, news sites and gadgets with informs dispelling false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big information and artificial intelligence. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, together with other Internet business, to “conduct special guidance” on news and info associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result supposedly added to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer therapy he discovered online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the health center had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s family spent around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The event triggered enormous online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of private investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report claimed medical marketing offsets 30% of Baidu’s advertisement earnings, much of which comes from for-profit hospitals that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of health centers across the nation founded by medical business owners connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose a number of restrictions on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to advertising material and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will entirely stop industrial cooperation and will only be open to reliable public well-being organizations. In response to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that private health centers have actually gone into a period of market improvement and upgrading, and are neither dependent on posting bar ads nor depending on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative effect on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue enhancing background programs on user devices considering that a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications established by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking on web advertisements – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for national security factors. [119]

2024 head of interactions controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated significant backlashes across the Chinese social networks for endorsing toxic work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day service journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually aroused further discussions amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu freely apologized after the event and has allegedly lost her task. Baidu’s stock rate fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual residential or commercial property in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smart devices”.

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